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Cause of Brain Tumor
It is known that, brain tumors develop when some of the genes on the chromosomes of a cell get
damaged or when they do not function properly. Normally, the genes regulate at the rate at which the cell
divides. There can be cases where the child may be born with partial damage in one or more of these
genes. This damage may get worse with the environmental factors. The environmental injury to the genes
can be the only reason for brain tumors in certain other cases. Researchers couldn’t find why
environmental factors cause brain tumor in some people and why not in some others.
Symptoms
The symptoms of brain tumor may vary according to its location. The following symptoms can be shown in certain types of brain tumors:
- Headaches that may get severe in the morning.
- Convulsions and seizures
- Dizziness or loss of balance
- Vomiting or nausea
- Difficulty in speaking and thinking
- Vision changes
- Hearing changes
- Disorientation and confusion
- Personality changes
- Paralysis or weakness in one part or one side of the body
Diagnosis
There are advanced imaging techniques that can find out brain tumors. Some of the most common diagnostic tools may include:
- CT Scan
- MRI
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy- Used to examine the chemical profile of the tumor whereby determining the nature of the lesions.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)- Helps in detecting the recurring brain tumor
- Intraoperative MRI- Used during surgery
In most of the cases, histopathological examination is the only way to diagnose the type of brain tumor. The procedure is performed by a neurosurgeon and the final diagnosis is done by the pathologist. The pathologist will determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant and grade it correctly
Brain Tumor Treatment
Even though the treatments may vary according to whether it is primary, metastatic, benign or cancerous; the most common treatment options are surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. They can be suggested alone or in various combinations. For malignant, residual and recurrent tumors, chemotherapy and radiation are used. The best method will be chosen according to various factors. Each type of surgery and therapies has its own risks and complications.
Surgery
As recommended medically, complete or nearly complete surgical removal of the tumor will give best
results. It is a challenge to the neurosurgeon to remove as much tumor as possible. It should be done
very carefully without doing any injury to the brain tissue. The brain tissue is very important for a patient’s
neurological function. Craniotomy is the traditional method to remove the tumor. It is done by accessing
the tumor by opening the skull. Another common procedure is the Stereotactic biopsy. It is a small
operation done as a diagnostic procedure. During the procedure, the doctor accesses the sample tissue
through a hole made in the skull. The tissue obtained will be taken for diagnosis. This procedure may
sometimes be performed before craniotomy surgery.
Computerized devices such as surgical navigation systems have been introduced later during 1990s. These systems help the surgeon to locate and precisely operate the tumors. As a result, the and complications were reduced and more of the tumor could be removed. Surgical navigation systems also allowed previously inoperable tumors to be removed with minimal risks and complications. Another important technique that can be more beneficial to the patients with tumors that are large, dominant-hemisphere gliomas and affecting the language function.
Other surgical procedure may include:
- Ventriculoperitoneal shunt as adjuvant or as aid in main surgical procedure
- Radiation Therapy-The radiation therapy can kill abnormal brain cells and cancer cells and to
shrink the tumors. X-rays of high energy are used for the procedure. Radiation therapy is used
when the surgery becomes ineffective to treat certain kinds of tumors. Some of the common
therapies include:
- Chemotherapy
- Proton Beam Treatment
- Gamma knife radiosurgery
- Standard external beam radiotherapy
- Stereotactic radiosurgery
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